Command and control model based on complex information relation integration北大核心CSCD

In order to describe collaborative decision-making process, the command and control model is put forward based on complex information relation integrtion and OODA. The characteristics of individual decision-making are analyzed, the complex information relation is considered as the cause of OODA difficulty to describe collaborative decision-making exactly. From the perspective of armament system of systems combat, the information, data, intelligence and knowledge is defined based on knowledge management and Shannon's entropy theory. The basic element is confirmed and the information flow way is analyzed which in the physical, information, cognitive and social domains. From the perspective of information, the armament system of systems complex networks model framework is put forward based on the idea of using OODA to guide armament system of systems complex networks model design. The data, information, intelligence and knowledge flow is analyzed and the describing meta-model is put forward. Using the reticular structure of OODA to describe collaborative decision-making idea is proposed, the command and control model is put forward based on the idea, the simulating tool ExtendSim is used for simulation analysis and results show that our work offer a reference for innovate command and control thory. ©, 2015, The Journal Agency of Complex Systems and Complexity Science. All right reserved.     

水合物地层低温钻井液对井底岩石表层强度影响

由于天然气水合物仅在高压低温条件下稳定存在,为了保持水合物稳定,在钻井过程中宜采用低温钻井液,而在低温条件下钻井液能否对井底岩石表层起到软化作用,对于提高机械钻速具有重要意义。在分析钻井液对井底岩石表层软化作用机制的基础上,较系统地建立低温钻井液软化井底岩石表层定量评价方法,以清水为对比浆液,通过试验将6种水合物地层模拟钻井液(分别含有质量分数为0.1%的表面活性剂和有机盐处理剂)在低温条件下对薄片砂岩试样的软化效果进行对比。结果表明:相比于两种有机盐处理剂,含表面活性剂的4种模拟钻井液在低温条件下对岩样软化效果更好,有利于提高岩石破碎效率和机械钻速;4种含表面活性剂钻井液中,含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)钻井液对岩样的软化效果最好。     

模拟结果为什么比实际更暖:简化气候模型结果（英文）

设计了一个非专业人士能够使用、最简化的气候敏感模型,用来研究人类活动所导致的全球变暖的幅度问题.在1990年的第一次IPCC评估报告中,IPCC对其报告中预测的未来全球变暖幅度很有信心,但是随后的观测结果显示全球的变暖幅度只有预测的一半.而自2001年起,全球变暖出现停滞,但是仅仅考虑到二氧化碳浓度的增加,很少有模型能够模拟出这一变化.在已出版的IPCC第五次评估报告的草稿中,IPCC大幅度削减了近期变暖的幅度,并以专家评估代替了模型预测.但是报告中关于未来气候长期变化的预测仍被保留.如果把IPCC模型的总反馈从1.9 W m–2 K–1调整到1.5 W m–2 K–1,气候敏感模型中模拟的温度将从3.2 K降至2.2 K.同时由于反馈很可能是净负反馈,更合适的估计应该是1.0 K.1.0 K是一个能够实现的增幅,21世纪的实际变暖将会小于1 K.即使燃烧所有可开采的化石燃料也不会使全球变暖的幅度超过2.2 K,这一增加幅度也将趋于平稳.本文认为解决IPCC第四、五次报告中评估方法的差异非常关键.一旦这些差异得到解决,人类活动导致的全球变暖在22世纪以及几个世纪以后的平稳态将有可能不会超过IPCC当前模型预测的1/3~1/2.     

Design of optimum solid oxide membrane electrolysis cells for metals production

Oxide to metal conversion is one of the most energy-intensive steps in the value chain for metals production. Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis process provides a general route for directly reducing various metal oxides to their respective metals, alloys, or intermetallics. Because of its lower energy use and ability to use inert anode resulting in zero carbon emission, SOM electrolysis process emerges as a promising technology that can replace the state-of-the-art metals production processes. In this paper, a careful study of the SOM electrolysis process using equivalent DC circuit modeling is performed and correlated to the experimental results. A discussion on relative importance of each resistive element in the circuit and on possible ways of lowering the rate-limiting resistive elements provides a generic guideline for designing optimum SOM electrolysis cells.     

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on porous silicon substrates: Effect of growth time

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on porous silicon(PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature.X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and photoluminescence(PL)analyses were carried out to investigate the effect of growth duration(2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the aligned ZnO nanorods. Strong and sharp ZnO(0 0 2) peaks of the ZnO nanorods proved that the aligned ZnO nanorods were preferentially fabricated along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images demonstrated that the Zn O nanorod arrays were well aligned along the c-axis and perpendicular to the PS substrates regardless of the growth duration. The TEM image showed that the top surfaces of the ZnO nanorods were round with a smooth curvature. PL spectra demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 5 h exhibited the sharpest and most intense PL peaks within the ultraviolet range among all samples.     

Effect of equal channel angular pressing on aging treatment of Al-7075 alloy

The effect of aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed Al-7075 alloy was examined.Commercial Al-7075 alloy in the solid solution heat-treated condition was processed by equal channel angular pressing through route BCat both the room temperature and 120 1C. Only three passes of equal channel angular pressing was possible due to the low ductility of the alloy at both temperatures. Followed by equal channel angular pressing, the specimens have been aged at 120 1C for different aging times. Mechanical properties were measured by Vickers microhardness and tensile tests and microstructural observations were undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer as well as optical microscopy. Microstructural investigations showed that ultrafine-grained materials with grain size in the range of 200–350 nm and 300–500 nm could be obtained after three passes of equal channel angular pressing at room temperature and 120 1C, respectively. Equal channel angular pressing of solid solution heat-treated Al-7075 alloy accelerates precipitation rate and subsequently leads to a significant decrease in aging time to attain maximum mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve maximum mechanical properties during equal channel angular pressing at 120 1C as a result of dynamic aging and formation of small η′ phase.     

锂渣高性能混凝土的性能与微观结构

锂渣是新疆特有的工业废渣,为了寻求其利用,采用锂渣来配制高性能混凝土。从力学、抗裂、收缩性能与微观结构等方面探究其增强、抗裂机理。试验结果表明:锂渣的最大掺量不宜超过45%;随着掺量的增加,收缩率增加不明显,但都较空白组要小;当掺量在20%~30%时,其力学、抗裂性能较好;锂渣掺入混凝土后,细化了混凝土的凝胶孔,提高其密实度;且在混凝土中形成了一定量的AFt,改善了其抗裂、力学性能。     

A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from the Northern Mountains of Tanzania

ABSTRACT

Using integrative approaches, a new large-bodied species of Phrynobatrachus is described from a series of 48 specimens from the montane forests of the West Usambara and North Pare Mountains of Tanzania. The most distinguishing morphological feature separating Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis sp. nov from similar species is the markedly overhanging and pointed upper jaw and snout. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA indicates that the new species differs from all other species with published sequence data by a minimum distance of 4.75% and is sister to P. krefftii, with which it has been confused in the past. The new species is known from two forest reserves and is of high conservation concern given these areas are highly impacted by anthropogenic change.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0C82A87-47A5-426B-978D-96D27FA7A3B7